The influence of heterogeneous meninges on the brain mechanics under primary blast loading |
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| Authors: | Linxia Gu Mehdi S Chafi Shailesh Ganpule Namas Chandra |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0656, United States;2. Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Lincoln, NE 68588-0656, United States;1. Chair of Applied Mechanics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;2. Hysitron, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;4. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;5. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;2. Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;3. Department of Neuropathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;4. Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;5. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;6. Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA;1. Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States;2. Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States;3. Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States |
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| Abstract: | In the modeling of brain mechanics subjected to primary blast waves, there is currently no consensus on how many biological components to be used in the brain–meninges–skull complex, and what type of constitutive models to be adopted. The objective of this study is to determine the role of layered meninges in damping the dynamic response of the brain under primary blast loadings. A composite structures composed of eight solid relevant layers (including the pia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), dura maters) with different mechanical properties are constructed to mimic the heterogeneous human head. A hyper-viscoelastic material model is developed to better represent the mechanical response of the brain tissue over a large strain/high frequency range applicable for blast scenarios. The effect of meninges on the brain response is examined. Results show that heterogeneous composite structures of the head have a major influence on the intracranial pressure, maximum shear stress, and maximum principal strain in the brain, which is associated with traumatic brain injuries. The meninges serving as protective layers are revealed by mitigating the dynamic response of the brain. In addition, appreciable changes of the pressure and maximum shear stress are observed on the material interfaces between layers of tissues. This may be attributed to the alternation of shock wave speed caused by the impedance mismatch. |
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