黄河三角洲水土资源空间匹配格局探析

水土资源二者在空间上的匹配程度直接影响着区域农业的可持续发展、资源的可持续利用。本文以黄河三角洲中心城市东营市及所辖区县为研究区域,分析了该区域水土资源空间分布的差异、构建了水土资源匹配测算模型、测算了水土资源匹配系数、划分了水土资源空间匹配程度。结果表明:该区域水土资源总体呈现出"土地资源丰富,水资源缺乏"的态势;东营市水土资源匹配系数为0.19万m3/hm2,低于山东省平均水平0.30万m3/hm2,更远远低于全国平均水平1.72万m3/hm2,东营市各区县水土资源匹配系数利津县最低0.07万m3/hm2,广饶县最高0.42万m3/hm2,相差达到0.35万m3/hm2。研究区水土资源空间匹配程度总体呈现出"南高、北次之、中间低"的格局;地表水资源短缺、地下淡水资源非常有限,是导致黄河三角洲水土资源空间匹配程度差的主要限制因子。

Study on spatial matching pattern of water and soil resources in Yellow River delta

The spatial matching pattern of water and soil resources directly effects the sustainable development of regional agriculture and the sustainable use of resources. Regarding Dongying city and its counties in district of Yellow River delta as research area, the paper analyzed the different spatial distributions of water and soil resources in the area , constructed the matching calculation model, calculated the matching coefficient and divided the spatial matching degree of water and soil resources. The results show that the whole water and soil resources in the area presents the situation which soil resources are rich and water resources are scarce. The matching coefficient of water and soil resources in Dongying city is 1900 m³/hm² which is below the average ratio of 300 m³/hm² in Shandong province, and is far below the national average value of 17200 m³/hm². Among the counties of Dongying City, the lowest coefficient in Lijin County is 700 m³/hm² and the highest in Guangrao is 4200 m³/hm². The difference between the two counties is 3500 m³/hm². The matching degree of the research area on the whole presents that the south is high, the middle is low and the north is in the middle. The shortage of surface water resources and the finite underground resources are the major factors which lead to the lower spatial matching degree of water and soil resources in Yellow River Delta.