鲜花精油和浸膏的超临界CO_2萃取进展

该文对国内外植物精油和浸膏的提取方法作了概述,包括传统方法(水蒸馏法和有机溶剂浸提法)和新型清洁方法〔微波诱导法、吸附法、水扩散法、分子蒸馏、超临界水萃取、液体CO2萃取和超临界CO2(SC CO2)萃取〕。介绍了SC CO2萃取的原理和优势,详细地说明了SC CO2对精油选择性萃取的较优条件、蜡和精油的传质机理、多级萃取除蜡等。重点将现有的SC CO2萃取强化方法———快速降压法、夹带剂法和溶胀预处理法进行较详细的总结。引用文献34篇。

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oils and Concretes from Flowers

Attention is drawn to methods for the isolation of essential oils and concretes from plants.The advantages and disadvantages are presented of conventional methods (based on either distillation or organic solvent extraction) and new alternatives 〔including microwave-assisted extraction(MAE),adsorption,water pervasion,molecular distillation,supercritical water extraction,compressed CO_2 extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction〕.The principle and advantages of supercritical CO_2 extraction are reported and special emphasis is given to the optimum conditions of selective extraction,the mass transfer mechanism of cuticular waxes and essential oils as well as multistage separation dewaxing.In addition,the article summarizes the improved methods of supercritical CO_2 extraction in detail,such as the fast decompression treatment of materials,the use of cosolvents and the swelling treatment of materials.34 references are cited.