城市不透水地表降雨径流污染监测与研究——以北京工业大学校园为例

城市不透水地表降雨径流污染是面源污染的重要组成部分,而城市不透水地表在非降雨天累积的污染物又是降雨径流中污染物的主要来源。以2015年的前10场降雨为例,选取北京东南部大学校园范围内的教学楼屋顶、校园道路、邻近交通主路等不透水地表为研究对象,对自然降雨及其产生的降雨径流污染进行实地采样分析。分析结果表明:冬季过后的第一场降雨雨水径流污染严重,水质为劣V类,之后,降雨径流污染有所减轻;不同采样点水质污染严重程度不同;距离建筑物厕所排气口距离越近的地方,氨氮污染浓度越高;透水地面设施的存在可以减轻径流污染程度。根据分析研究结果,提出了控制和治理城市降雨径流污染的建议。

Research and analysis of rainfall runoff pollution of urban impervious surface:case of campus of Beijing University of Technology

The pollution of urban impervious surface rainfall runoff is an important component of the non-point source pollution; meanwhile, the accumulated pollutant on urban impervious surface in non-rainy days is the main source of rainfall runoff pollution. Taking the first 10 rainfalls in 2015 in the campus of Beijing University of Technology located in southeast Beijing for example, the natural rainfall and rainfall runoff pollution samples were collected and analyzed by selecting the impervious surface such as the building roof, the road, the site near the main traffic road. The results show that the runoff pollution of the first rain after the winter season is the most serious of inferior class V, and the rainfall runoff pollution reduced afterwards; for different sampling points, the pollution severity level differed; the concentration of ammonia nitrogen pollution increased in the area near the toilet vent; the permeable facilities on the ground could reduce the rainfall runoff pollution levels. The suggestions to control and govern the rainfall runoff pollution are put forward according to the analysis and research result.