核电厂危险化学品使用及贮存设施设计

核电厂的运行和检修过程用到多种化学品，其中一部分属于危险化学品. 核电厂中，危险化学品安全与核安全不直接相关，但其危害可能会与核安全叠加，从而将危害放大，因此核电厂危险化学品的设计和管理非常重要. 以二代改进型的M310压水堆核电厂为例，结合多个机组的设计实践，对核电厂中的危险化学品进行分析，并对主要危险化学品贮存设施的设计和管理进行论述. 经辨识，核电厂贮存使用的危险化学品不属于重大危险源；贮存设施设计方案严格按照标准规范执行，结合核电厂的特点设计足够的安全措施，措施完备并满足危险化学品日益严格的监管要求，保证了核电厂内的危险化学品的安全.

Utilization of dangerous chemicals and design points for storage facilities on nuclear power plant

Various chemicals are used during the operation and maintenance process of nuclear power plants, and some of them are identified as hazardous chemicals. In the nuclear power plants, the safety issues of dangerous chemicals are not directly correlated with the safety issues of radioactive materials but their hazards can be added together to enlarge the total hazards, so it’s of great significance to strengthen the design and management of dangerous chemicals. The second-generation modified M310 pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is taken for instance. More than 14 kinds of chemicals are applied, for example fuming sulfuric acid, liquid ammonia, acetylene and so on. Radioactive materials are also mentioned, such as radioactive sources, radioactive solids, liquid waste and gas waste, but radioactive materials should not be classified as dangerous chemical. Identification of major hazard installations of dangerous chemicals is a management of units that produce, store, use and operate chemicals. The identification in nuclear power plants based on the Identification of major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals, lists of dangerous goods, and the rules for classification and labelling of chemicals-part 18: acute toxicity. The evaluation of major hazard sources is characterized by the ratio of the presence of each identified substance in the identification unit to the critical mass. This ratio is expressed in q/Q(critical value) in the Identification of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals. If there are many types of dangerous chemicals in the identification unit, the ratios of the identified substances are summed up. If the sum is less than one, it is not a hazard installation of dangerous chemicals, otherwise, it is. The design and management of major hazardous and chemical storage facilities are analyzed and discussed with the experience of design for several nuclear power plants. After identification, dangerous chemicals stored and used by nuclear power plants are not major hazard installations. The design scheme for storage facilities is strictly implemented in accordance with standards and codes, and the measures are completed, which meet the increasingly stringent regulatory requirements for hazardous chemicals, and in the meantime the safety of the hazardous chemicals within nuclear power plants is assured.