向家坝升船机船厢防撞系统实船撞击试验

船厢防撞系统是保障大型升船机运行安全的重要设备,已成为通航验收关注的焦点。为考察向家坝升船机船厢防撞装置的有效性和可靠性,揭示"缓冲油缸+防撞绳"型式防撞系统的工作机制,开展了防撞装置现场实船撞击试验。研究表明,防撞装置有效阻拦代表性船舶五次不同速度撞击,防撞装置设计合理、功能可靠;在0.6 m/s超设计速度、超设计动能的船舶撞击下,缓冲油缸达到了第一级溢流状态,防撞绳最大拉力51 t,预断接头最大应力254.5 MPa,未达到材料的屈服强度,船舶最大缓冲距离2.43 m,在设计容许范围内;防撞装置受力与船舶撞击速度总体呈线性关系,船舶冲击动能主要由缓冲油缸做功承担,缓冲油缸耗散能量占船舶冲击动能的75%以上。

Prototype tests on anti-collision device of Xiangjiaba shiplift chamber against ship impact

The anti-collision device is a core part of a shiplift chamber to keep the safety of large ship lifting and becomes a focus in the acceptance of navigation facilities. In this work, we conduct prototype impact tests to evaluate the effect and reliability of such devices of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, focusing on the working procedure of a new design adopting braking cylinder with wire rope and its anti-collision mechanism. Results show that the ship running at five different speeds can be stopped by this device and its design and function are reasonable and reliable. Under the impacting of beyond-design kinetic energy at a ship speed of 0.6 m/s, the buffer cylinder reaches the first-stage overflow status, but the wire rope is below the yield strength, with its peak force of 51 t and peak stress of 254.5 MPa at the predetermined breaking point. And the longest buffer of 2.43 m still remains in the permitted range. We demonstrate that a linear relationship exists between anti-collision force and ship speed. Most of the impacting kinetic energy is transferred into the buffer cylinder power, and its dissipation is more than 75% of the total impacting energy.