活性和高熔点金属在硫酸中的应用

评述了活性金属(锆和钛)和高熔点金属(铌和钽)在一定温度和浓度硫酸中的耐蚀性。钛只适用于低浓度；铌适用于常压沸点以下的大部分浓度范围；钽适用于常压沸点及沸点以上的整个浓度范围；Ta40Nb合金几乎适用于所有浓度，但适用温度略低于钽而高于铌；锆适用于常压沸点及沸点以上的w(H2S04)70％硫酸。在选择适用于硫酸的最佳金属时，必须考虑操作条件，以及设备生命周期维修费用和停车费用。设计者亦必须充分考虑温度、浓度及杂质含量偏移的可能性，因为它们对金属的耐蚀性可能会有负面影响。据此建议采用活性或高熔点金属。

Reactive and refractory metals for use in sulphuric acid

Reactive ( zirconium and titanium ) and refractory metals ( niobium and tantalum ) are reviewed for corrosion resistance in sulphuric acid based on temperature and concentration. Titanium is useful at low concentration only. Niobium is useful below atmospheric boiling point across of the concentration range. Tantalum is used across the entire concentration range at atmospheric boiling and above. Ta40Nb alloy can be used across much of the concentration range but at temperature slightly lower than tantalum and higher than niobium. Zirconium is used in up to 70% sulphuric acid at atmospheric boiling point and above. The selection of the optimum metal for sulphuric aid must consider the operating condition, the life cycle maintenance costs and downtime costs over the life of the equipment. The designer must also look at the potential for temperature, concentration and impurity excursion that can adversely affect the corrosion resistance of a metal. This final analysis may suggest the use of reactive or refractory metals.