高分子材料导电性能改善研究进展

提高高分子材料导电性能的方法,主要有掺杂、与其它材料复合、改变导电高分子的结构等方式。掺杂能够改变高分子材料中已有电子能带的能级,使得高分子中能带间的能量差减小,载流子迁移的阻力随之减小。与其它材料复合多为材料能提供载流子迁移的通道、与导电高分子材料形成大的共轭体系、改善链与链之间的有序性或增加复合物的紧密度,从而提高复合材料的导电性,与导电高分子复合的材料多为金属或金属氧化物、无机非金属纳米材料以及一些普通的有机高分子。改变导电高分子的结构能改善聚合物的规整度,提高其结晶度。导电高分子材料具有广泛的应用前景,今后需要在提高导电高分子电导率的同时改善其溶解性、加工性以及稳定性等综合性能,以实现导电高分子的实用化。

Research Progress in Improving the Electrical Conductivity of Polymer Materials

The methods of improving the electrical conductivity of polymer materials are summarized as doping, compositing with other materials and changing the structure of the conductive polymers. The existing electron band energy level in polymer materials could be changed by doping, so that the energy difference between energy bands is reduced and the carrier migration resistance decreases. Materials composited with conductive polymers could provide carrier migration channels, form large conjugated system with conductive polymer materials, improve the ordering between the polymer chains or increase the tightness of the compound, thereby enhance the conductivity of the composite material. The materials that conductive polymers are composited with are generally metal or metal oxides, inorganic non-metallic materials and some common organic polymers. The regularity of the conductive polymer, as well as the crystallinity could be improved by changing the structure of the polymer. Conductive polymer materials have a wide application prospect and in order to realize the utility of conductive polymer in the future, the integrated performance of conductive polymer including solubility, processability and stability needs to be improved as well as the electrical conductivity.