Prognostic factors in muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy: an immunohistochemical study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic role of p53, Ki-67 and p21 for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with curative intent by radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 131 patients (24 women and 107 men, median age 72 years, range 40-86) with transitional cell carcinoma (T2-T4) treated with external definitive pelvic radiotherapy between 1985 and 1994. Paraffin-embedded pretreatment biopsies from the patients were examined for the presence of p53, p21 and Ki-67, detected by immunohistochemistry, and related to tumour stage, grade and patient survival. RESULTS: The expression of p53 protein correlated positively with the detection of Ki-67 (P < 0.05) but did not correlate with p21. None of the immunohistochemical variables (p53, p21 or Ki-67) correlated with T category and only Ki-67 correlated with histological grade. Patients with > 5% p21 expression tended to live longer than those with < 5% (P = 0.09). In a multivariate analysis, the T category (T2/T3 vs. T4), histological grade (2 vs. 3) and p21 expression (< or = 5% vs. > 5%) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: Further investigation is warranted in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing different types of treatment p21 seems to play an independent prognostic role in these patients, in addition to T category and grade.