不同无机填料对聚氨酯阻尼材料性能的影响

以聚氧化丙烯二醇（PPG）、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、端羟基硅油为原料，1,4丁二醇（BDO）作为扩链剂，采用预聚体法制得无填料填充的聚氨酯、不同质量分数绢云母改性聚氨酯、不同质量分数滑石粉改性聚氨酯的3种复合材料，采用动态力学分析（DMA）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料的阻尼性能、耐热性能、表面形貌进行表征，并对复合材料的力学性能进行测试。结果表明，添加两种不同无机填料后，复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能以及阻尼性能都有不同程度的改善。添加10%的绢云母和10%的滑石粉后，最大损耗因子（tanδ）分别由0.372提升至0.436和0.440，而T _g向低温方向偏移，10%绢云母改性的复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度分别由5.16MPa、432%、65提高到8.47MPa、468%、85；10%滑石粉改性后复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度提高至7MPa、470%、82；在失重率为5%时，相比于未添加无机填料的聚氨酯，10%绢云母和10%滑石粉改性后的初始分解温度分别提高了52.67℃和55.8℃。

Properies of polyurethane damping material with different inorganic filler

Polyurethane composites were prepared from polyoxypropylene diol (PPG) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI-100) using the chain extender of 1,4 butanediol (BDO) and added with two kinds of inorganic fillers including sericite and talcum powder. The damping properties, themostability and morphology were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that when two different inorganic fillers were added, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and damping properties of the composites were improved to different extents. After adding 10% sericite and 10% talcum powder, the maximum loss factor (tanδ) was increased from 0.372 to 0.436 and 0.440, respectively, and the T _g was slightly shifted toward the low temperature. The tensile strength, elongation at break and Shore hardness of 10% sericite-modified composites increased from 5.16MPa, 432%, and 65 to 8.47MPa, 468%, and 85, respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break, Shore hardness of 10% talcum powder-modified composite increased to 7MPa, 470%, 82. When the weight loss rate was 5%, the initial decomposition temperature after modification of 10% sericite and 10% talcum powder was increased by 52.67℃ and 55.8℃, respectively, compared with the silicone modified polyurethane material without inorganic filler.