Air-void structure,strength, and permeability of wet-mix shotcrete before and after shotcreting operation: The influences of silica fume and air-entraining agent |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Jiangsu Province 215123, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering Construction, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Caixa Postal 61548, CEP 05508-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil;3. School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE113TU, UK;1. School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Highway Engineering Quality Supervision Bureau, Urumqi 830000, China;3. School of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China;1. Department of Civil Construction Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of São Paulo, Professor Almeida Prado Av, Trav 2, 83, 05424-970 São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Civil Engineering, São Judas Tadeu University, 546 Taquari St., 03166-000 São Paulo, Brazil;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Center of Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil;2. Materials Science and Engineering Postgraduate Program, Center of Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties, Campus Trindade, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | It is well known that the air-void structure of hardened concrete has substantial effects on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. In this study, laboratory evaluations were conducted to quantify the effects of air-entraining agent (AEA) and silica fume on the air-void characteristics of wet-mix shotcrete (WMS) before and after shotcreting process. For this purpose, a high-resolution image analyzer capturing elaborate graphical layouts of air-void structure using the linear transverse method was employed. Also, this study examined the effects of air-void characteristics, such as air content and spacing factor, on the strength and permeability of WMS. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that: (1) shotcreting process considerably reduces overall air contents in WMS; (2) incorporating AEA with a 4.5% silica fume replacement ensures both satisfactory spacing factor and good retention of small entrained air bubbles even after shotcreting, which may improve the freeze-thaw and scaling resistance; (3) the compressive and flexural strengths of WMS were reduced as the air content increased and average spacing factor decreased; and (4) the air content affected the permeability of WMS, but no consistent correlation was found between spacing factor and permeability. |
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| Keywords: | Wet-mix shotcrete Air-void structure Strength Permeability Silica fume Air-entraining agent |
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