Energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions from the production and sequestration of charcoal from agricultural residues |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Energy Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 50603 Kuala Lumpur University of Malaya, Malaysia;2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh;1. School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, China;2. Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan;3. Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, China Academy of Sciences, China;1. ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, ICAR Parisar, P.O. B.V. College, Patna, 800 014, Bihar, India;2. Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, 321 303, Rajasthan, India;1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore;2. Water Desalination & Reuse (WDR) Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;1. South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381#, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Xuefu Road 301#, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang 212013, China |
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| Abstract: | Agricultural residues (wheat/barley/oat straw) can be used to produce charcoal, which can then be either landfilled off-site or spread on the agricultural field as a means for sequestering carbon. One centralized and five portable charcoal production technologies were explored in this paper. The centralized system produced 747.95 kg-CO2eq/tonne-straw and sequestered 0.204 t-C/t-straw. The portable systems sequestered carbon at 0.141–0.217 t-C/t-straw. The net energy ratio (NER) of the portable systems was higher than the centralized one at 10.29–16.26 compared to 6.04. For the centralized system, the carbon sequestration and the cumulative energy demand were most sensitive to the charcoal yield. Converting straw residues into charcoal can reduce GHG emissions by 80% after approximately 8.5 years relative to the baseline of in-field decomposition, showing these systems are effective carbon sequestration methods. |
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| Keywords: | Greenhouse gas emissions Charcoal production Net energy ratio Life cycle assessment Lignocellulosic biomass |
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