The role of viscosity on microstructure development and stain resistance in porcelain stoneware tiles |
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| Authors: | E. Suvaci N. Tamsu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anadolu University, Iki Eylul Campus, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Vitra Tiles, Inc., Bozuyuk/Bilecik, Turkey;1. Department of Chemical Engineering (EQA), Graduate Program on Materials Science and Engineering (PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. Ceramic Materials Group, University of Southernmost Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil;1. Eliane Revestimentos Cerâmicos, Rua Maximiliano Gaidzinski, 245, 88845-000 Cocal do Sul, Brazil;2. Instituto Federal Catarinense – Campus Avançado Sombrio, Rua Francisco Caetano Lumertz, 818 – Bairro Januária, 88960-000 Sombrio, Brazil;3. Reactors and Industrial Processes Research Group, Materials Science and Engineering Post-graduate Program, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Avenida Universitária, 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate Program on Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. Ceramic Materials Group, UNESC, Avenida Universitária 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil;1. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC), Campus Criciúma, 88813-600 Criciúma, SC, Brazil;2. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Feliz, 95770-000 Feliz, RS, Brazil;3. Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PGMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Effect of composition on viscosity of porcelain stoneware tiles and role of the viscosity on microstructure development and stain resistance in porcelain stoneware tiles were investigated. The viscosity of the tiles was successfully measured by a thermomechanical analyzer. Na2O/K2O ratio was used as a parameter to change the viscosity. As the Na2O/K2O ratio increases, the viscosity decreases. This reduction in the viscosity results in improvement of microstructure (i.e., spherical pore morphology and reduced closed porosity) and usually increases the stain resistance significantly. However, too low viscosity may also cause deformation of the tile during production. Therefore, the viscosity of the tiles should be carefully controlled and it should lie between a lower limit (in this study this value is between 107.93 and ～108.35 P) and an upper limit (in this study this value is 108.67 P) to achieve high stain resistant porcelain tiles with no deformation. |
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