An Investigation of the Growth Mechanism of Scale Formed on Chromium Containing Low Amounts of Sulfur,Chlorine, and Phosphorus |
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| Authors: | Dong W. Bishop H. E. Johnson D. Lees D. G. Lorimer G. W. |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Manchester Materials Science Centre, University of Manchester and UMIST, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS, U.K.;(2) Materials Characterization Service, AEA Technology, Building 552, Harwell Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, U.K.;(3) Present address: Atlas Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Printable Field Emitters Ltd, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, U.K.;(4) Present address: CSMA Ltd, Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 8DJ, U.K. |
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| Abstract: | The growth mechanism of the flat and adherent scale formed at 900°C in 0.1 atm oxygen on chromium, which contained 1 ppm (wt) sulfur, 0.08 ppm (wt) chlorine, and 0.2 ppm (wt) phosphorus, has been found to be very different in adjacent parts of the scale, consistent with the results of previous tracer studies of the growth mechanism of chromia formed on chromium. In some places, it grew primarily by chromium transport, while in others it grew primarily by oxygen transport and in still others it grew by a mixture of both. New oxide formed within the outer part of the scale and, in some cases, throughout the scale. A tentative hypothesis is proposed to explain why growth mechanisms were different in different parts of the scale on the same specimen. The scale formed at 950°C on Fe–20%Cr–0.11%Si, which contained 15 ppm sulfur, grew predominantly by cation transport, with only a small amount of oxygen transport. In this case also, new oxide formed within the outer part of the scale. |
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| Keywords: | chromium sulfur chromia growth-mechanism Fe– Cr alloy |
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