Fused salt synthesis of Bi4Ti3O12

Bismuth titanate powders were prepared in the presence of chloride or sulfate fused salts. In both fluxes, aggregate particles formed during the formation process and differently-shaped primary particles were obtained depending on the flux species. The aggregates changed to discrete plate-like particles on further heating. The crystal structure of the specimens obtained at low temperatures was defective with disturbed long-range order along c-axis and a/b close to unity. The effects of flux species on the nature of the products have been explained in terms of the interaction between Bi ions and flux anions.