南水北调东线工程水资源水质管理的道德风险

应用信息经济学中委托代理理论,指出由于存在人的有限理性、水资源的公共物品特性、市场竞争不充分、存在地方保护主义、信息不对称、违规成本过低等原因,在南水北调东线工程水资源水质管理中存在道德风险,主要表现在水用户减少污水处理投资。建立南水北调东线工程水资源水质管理道德风险基本模型,得出了在信息完全的情况下供水公司的水质检测水平、水价和水用户的污水治理水平解。建立在道德风险环境下的水用户的污水治理投资水平决策模型和供水公司的水质检测投资水平决策模型,得出了水用户的污水治理投资水平解和道德风险表示形式,以及供水公司的水质检测投资水平解。对两个模型进行分析,并提出了降低南水北调东线水资源水质管理道德风险的措施:加强水质检测投资,完善监督机制;完善水权市场;制定适当的惩罚条款;建立水用户的用水信用机制,降低信息不对称的程度;进行产业结构的调整,加强社会经济的发展;提高污水治理技术水平。

Moral hazards of water resources and water quality management of East Route Project of South to North Water Transfer

Based on the principal-agent theory in information economics,it is pointed out that,owing to human being's limited reasons,the attribute as a public article of water resources,inefficient market competition,existence of local protectionism,information asymmetry,too low violation cost,etc.,there are moral hazards in water resources and water quality management of East Route Project of South to North Water Transfer,i.e.mainly,the water users reduce the investment in sewage disposal.The paper firstly establishes a basic model for moral hazards in water quality and water resources management of East Route Project of South to North Water Transfer,and gets solutions of the water quality inspection level of water-supply companies,water price,and sewage disposal level of water users when all information is available.Then,a decision model for sewage disposal investment level of water users and a decision model for investment level of water quality inspection of water-supply companies are established under the circumstance of moral hazards for obtaining solution to the sewage disposal investment level of water users,an expression of moral hazards,and solution to investment level of water quality monitoring of water-supply companies.Finally,by analyzing the models,the paper puts forward the following measures to reduce the moral hazards of water quality management of water resources of East Route of South to North Water Transfer,including: enhancing investment in water quality inspection;perfecting supervision mechanism;perfecting water right market;making proper penalty clauses;establishing water-use credit mechanisms of water users;reducing information asymmetry;adjusting industrial structure;enhancing the development of social economy;and improving sewage disposal techniques.