中央空调降负荷潜力建模及影响因素分析

空调负荷由于其热惯性,负荷聚合商可在较小影响用户舒适度的前提下,通过需求侧管理手段对其实施有效管理,降低电网高峰负荷。而中央空调相对于传统分体式空调具有控制手段灵活、可控性强、单体功率大等特点,其参与需求响应项目潜力巨大。文中建立了基于直接负荷控制的中央空调集群降负荷潜力模型和指定降负荷容量下中央空调集群运行方式的求解模型。通过仿真算例定量分析了需求响应事件中室内温度设定范围、需求响应事件持续时间、预制冷方式下提前通知时长、需求响应事件前后负荷增长幅度以及室外温度这5个方面的因素对中央空调集群的降负荷潜力的影响规律,为负荷聚合商将中央空调负荷纳入电网调度提供了理论依据。

Load Cutting Potential Modeling of Central Air-conditioning and Analysis on Influencing Factors

Owing to its thermal inertia, the air-conditioning load can be rationally controlled without much affecting user comfort using demand side management measures to reduce peak load of the power grid. Compared with the household air-conditioning, central air-conditioning has huge potential of participating in demand response programs for its flexible means of control, strong controllability and high output power. This paper develops a load cutting potential model of central air-conditioning cluster based on direct load control(DLC), and the operation mode solving model for the central air-conditioning cluster under designated cutting load capacity. Finally, through a simulation example, the influences of five factors(including room temperature setting range during an emergency demand response event, the duration of emergency demand response event, advance notice of time under the pre-cooling mode, the load amplification before and after the emergency demand response event, and the outdoor temperature)on the load cutting potential of central air-conditioning cluster are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for bringing central air-conditioning load into power network dispatching. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 71471036)and State Grid Corporation of China.