论中西传统园林的不同设计方法：图面设计与时空设计

方法本应从属于目的,但是方法也可以影响目的。西方园林设计起源于古埃及的土地丈量和古希腊的建筑设计,基本方法是在平面上制图;中国园林起源于创造一个处于真实或模拟的自然中的生活环境或是与大自然对话的空间,基本设计方法是在现场真实时空中“相地”、构思和制作模型。前一方法是物我两分的,后一方法是物我交融的。两种不同的设计方法导致了不同的后果:前者有利于对个体的仔细推敲,却忽略了境域的真实和总体的空间关系,容易形成人对自然的大规模入侵;后者创造了人与环境交融的真实境域和着意安排了空间关系,更适合未来的和谐社会,但不利于树立作者的个人纪念碑,也不适应当下经济效益和速度效率的需求。

Two Landscape Design Methods: Plane Drawing and Time-Space Design

Method should be subject to the purpose, but it can also affect the purpose. Plane drawing serves as the basic method for the western garden design, which originated from ancient Egyptian land measurement and ancient Greek building design. While site examination, conception and modeling are the basic methods for the Chinese garden design, which aims at creating a vivid living environment or a space where a man can have dialogue with the universe. The former underscores the separations of designer and objects while the later underscores the integration of designer and objects. Different design methods lead to different results. The former is good for the individual but may ignore the relationship of reality and space; the later, though creates the integration of human being and nature and is more suitable for the development of harmonious society, can not meet the demand of the economic efficiency