注水泵液力端弹簧力学行为分析与优化

在注水泵运行的过程中，液力端弹簧频繁出现异常失效，严重影响注水效率。通过对液力端的流体动力学分析，发现液力端吸入阀弹簧存在严重的偏载效应，承受偏载弹簧的工作安全性无法使用经典虎克定律进行校核。采用有限单元法建立了吸入阀弹簧受正载和偏载工况下的计算模型，通过计算与分析发现，偏载工况下的弹簧应力峰值为正载工况应力峰值的1．5倍；额定吸入工况下，考虑偏载效应后，吸入内、外弹簧的工作安全系数都小于1。从流道、阀片承载面积、弹簧材料钢级等方面提出优化措施，大大改善了弹簧的负载环境，对提高弹簧寿命以及提高泵效具有明显的效果。

Mechanical Behavior Analysis and Optimization of Hydraulic Unit Springs in Water Injection Pump

In the process of running water injection pump, the frequent and abnormal failure of the hydraulic unit springs affects the efficiency of water injection. Through fluid dynamics analysis of the hydraulic unit, there had serious eccentric loads effect in suction springs of the hydraulic unit. The working security of the springs which were applied and the eccentric loads can not be used to check with the classical Hooker's Law. The Finite Element Method was used to establish the computation module of the suction springs which were in the condition of positive loads and ec-centric loads. Through calculation and analysis, it found that: the peak stresses of the springs in the condition of the eccentric loads were 1.5 times than the condition of the positive loads; in ra-ted suction condition, the working safety factors of the suction springs after considered the eccen-tric loads effect were less than 1. In order to enhance the work life of the springs, the optimal measures were brought up from these respects, such as the flow, the bearing area of the valve, the level of spring steel and so on. The measures have greatly improved the mechanical environ-ment of the springs, and had significant results in improving the life of the springs and the pump efficiency.