蒙古斑点马不同部位脂肪和肌肉组织中脂肪酸组成的比较研究

通过对蒙古斑点马不同部位脂肪和肌肉组织中脂肪酸组成进行分析比较，旨在明确蒙古斑点马体脂脂肪酸组成特点。选择3 匹成年蒙古斑点马，屠宰后采集肾周、肠周和皮下脂肪以及肩肌、背最长肌和臀肌样品，利用气相色谱法测定脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明：蒙古斑点马不同脂肪组织中均检出19 种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid，SFA）含量34.77%～37.38%，不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acid，UFA）含量达60%以上，UFA中单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid，MUFA）含量33.04%～36.39%，多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid，PUFA）含量26.47%～27.51%，其中皮下脂肪C10:0、C18:0、C20:0含量显著低于肾周和肠周脂肪（P＜0.05）；MUFA在皮下脂肪的沉积程度较其他2 个部位高，但均无统计学差异；PUFA中C18:3 n-3含量最高，其在各脂肪组织间无显著差异。3 个不同部位肌肉中均检出15 种脂肪酸，其中SFA含量占总脂肪酸含量的38.32%～40.04%，MUFA含量占35.70%～40.19%，PUFA含量占15.25%～20.33%；SFA中背最长肌和臀肌C12:0含量显著高于肩肌（P＜0.05），其余SFA在不同部位肌肉间无显著差异；MUFA中背最长肌C16:1含量显著高于肩肌和臀肌（P＜0.05）；肩肌n-6/n-3 PUFA比值显著高于背最长肌和臀肌（P＜0.05）；皮下脂肪的C18:3 n-3和总PUFA含量显著高于背最长肌（P＜0.05）。综上所述，蒙古斑点马不同部位脂肪和肌肉组织脂肪酸组成各具特点，但UFA含量均较高。

Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition in Fat and Muscle Tissues from Different Carcass Parts of Mongolian Spotted Horses

The present study investigated the fatty acid compositions of fat and muscle tissues in different carcass parts of Mongolian spotted horses. Three adult Mongolian spotted horses were slaughtered to collect perirenal, perienteric and subcutaneous fat tissues as well as shoulder, Longissimus dorsi and gluteal muscles for analysis of fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. In total, 19 fatty acids were detected in each of the three fat tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) accounting for 34%–37% and more than 60% of the total amount of fatty acids; of the latter, 47% to 48% were monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and 26% to 27% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The contents of C10:0, C18:0 and C20:0 in subcutaneous fat was significantly lower than in perirenal and perienteric fat (P < 0.05). The degree of MUFA deposition in subcutaneous fat was greater than in the other two fat tissues but with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). C18:3 n-3 was the most abundant PUFA, which did not significantly vary among the different fat tissues (P > 0.05). Fifteen fatty acids were detected in each of the three muscles, SFA, MUFA and PUFA accounting for 38% to 40%, 35% to 40%, and 15% to 20% of the total amount of fatty acids respectively. The content of C12:0 in Longissimus dorsi and gluteal muscles was significantly higher than that in shoulder muscle (P < 0.05), whereas the other SFAs did not significantly differ among muscles (P > 0.05). The MUFA significantly more abundant in Longissimus dorsi than in the other muscles was C16:1 (P < 0.05). n-6 / n-3 PUFA ratio in shoulder muscle was significantly higher than that in Longissimus dorsi and gluteal muscles (P < 0.05). The contents of C18:3 n-3 and total PUFA in subcutaneous fat were significantly higher than in Longissimus dorsi muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, fatty acid compositions in the fat and muscle tissues of Mongolian spotted horses have their own unique characteristics, but they are all rich in UFA.