亚临界流体萃取富集金盏花中叶黄素工艺优化

本试验以金盏花颗粒为研究对象,在单因素实验和Plackett-Burman试验设计的基础上,探讨金盏花颗粒尺寸、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取次数对叶黄素萃取工艺的影响,并采用Box-Behnken中心试验设计优化亚临界流体(R134a)萃取富集叶黄素工艺。结果表明:单因素条件下,金盏花颗粒尺寸、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取次数均对叶黄素含量富集有一定影响;通过Plackett-Burman试验筛选出萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取次数三个因素对叶黄素含量富集作用极显著的因素(P<0.01);并对筛选出的三因素进行亚临界流体萃取富集金盏花中叶黄素响应面工艺优化,其最优工艺为:金盏花颗粒尺寸10 mm、萃取时间44 min、萃取压力1.2 MPa、萃取温度39 ℃、萃取次数4次。在此条件下,亚临界萃取物中叶黄素富集含量可达到32.28%,与预测值相差0.44%,同时亚临界流体萃取叶黄素效果明显高于有机溶剂萃取法和超临界CO₂萃取法。本研究可为金盏花中叶黄素的产业化研究提供理论参考。

Optimization of Lutein Enrichment from Calendula by Subcritical Fluid Extraction

In this paper,Calendula particles were used as the research object. Based on the single-factor test and Plackett-Burman test design,the effects of Calendula particle size,extraction time,extraction pressure,extraction temperature and number of extractions on lutein extraction process were explored,the Box-Behnken central test design was used to optimize the subsurface fluid(R134a)extraction and enrichment of lutein. The results showed,under single factor conditions,the size of Calendula,extraction time,extraction pressure,extraction temperature and extraction times all had an certain effect on the enrichment of lutein content. The Plackett-Burman test was used to screen out the three factors which had significant effects on the enrichment of lutein content,including extraction time,extraction temperature and extraction times. The selected three factors were optimized for subcritical fluid extraction and enrichment of the xanthophyll response surface in marigold flowers. The optimal process was:Calendula particle size 10 mm,extraction time 44 min,extraction pressure 1.2 MPa,extraction temperature 39 ℃,extraction times 4 times. Under this condition,the concentration of lutein in the subcritical extract reached 32.28%,which was 0.44% different from the predicted value. At the same time,the effect of subcritical fluid extraction of lutein was significantly higher than that of organic solvent extraction and supercritical CO₂ extraction. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the industrialization of lutein in Calendula.