紫外光接枝/溶胶-凝胶技术制备耐久性阻燃腈纶织物

针对聚丙烯腈(PAN)易燃以及传统阻燃技术易造成环境污染的弊端,采用紫外光(UV)诱导接枝聚合与溶胶-凝胶技术相结合,以提高PAN织物(腈纶织物)的阻燃性。首先,通过紫外光接枝聚合技术,将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝到腈纶织物表面,制得接枝改性的腈纶织物。然后使用植酸尿素杂化的有机-无机杂化硅溶胶对接枝织物进行后整理,获得阻燃腈纶织物。借助热重分析及锥形量热测试对织物的热性能及燃烧性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明:阻燃织物的残炭率高达31.4%,阻燃织物的热释放速率峰值和烟雾生成速率峰值分别由374.4 kW/m²和0.06 m²/s下降到186.7 kW/m²和0.03 m²/s,织物表现出优良的阻燃和抑烟性能; 经过30次洗涤后,阻燃腈纶织物的极限氧指数值仍可以保留在27.3%,具有良好的阻燃耐久性。

Preparation of durable flame retardant polyacrylonitrile fabrics using UV-induced photo-grafting polymerization combined with sol-gel coating

In view of the poor flammability of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and environmental problems caused by traditional flame retardant technologies, ultraviolet (UV)-induced photo-grafting polymerization combined with sol-gel technology was used to improve the flame resistance of PAN fabrics. A PAN fabric grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was firstly prepared by means of UV-induced photo-grafting polymerization technology. The PAN-g-GMA was then coated with an organic-inorganic hybrid silica sol doped with phytic acid and urea to obtain a flame retardant PAN fabric. The thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter test were used to characterize the thermal and combustion properties. The results show that the char residue of the FR-PAN is as high as 31.4%. In addition, the peak of heat release rateand the peak of smoke production rate of flame retardant PAN fabrics decreases from 374.4 kW/m² and 0.06 m²/s to 186.7 kW/m² and 0.03 m²/s, respectively. All the results indicate that the FR-PAN fabric performs excellently in flame retardancy and demonstrate good smoke suppression performance. The limiting oxygen index value of the flame retardant PAN fabric remains 27.3% after 30 times washing cycles, indicating good durable flame retardant performance.