不同生长阶段鸡爪绵核桃雄花的营养成分分析

以鸡爪绵核桃雄花为研究对象,通过比较理化指标研究其不同生长阶段营养成分的不同。结果表明:半成熟阶段1的核桃雄花水分含量约85.23%,自然掉落的核桃雄花水分仅27.50%,伴随着水分含量的降低,粗脂肪含量从0.78%相对提高至2.66%;自然掉落的核桃雄花测得总糖含量约9.52 g/100 g,半成熟阶段的核桃雄花总糖含量为14.36 g/100 g;各生长阶段粗蛋白含量均较高且相对稳定,约在14%~18%之间。随着水分的减少,部分可溶性物质有所损失,可溶性糖由3220.00 mg/100 g降低至1326.67 mg/100 g。核桃雄花中的矿物质含量Na元素自然掉落阶段达 13.33 mg/100 g;Zn元素6.55 mg/100 g。总体上半成熟阶段和成熟阶段的核桃雄花营养成分较为接近,而与自然掉落的核桃雄花差距较为显著。为了更好的口感与营养,推荐以成熟阶段的核桃雄花作为食用或后续加工处理的材料,而半成熟阶段的核桃雄花可以用于提取其中丰富的黄酮类物质,掉落阶段的核桃雄花也拥有丰富的蛋白质,可以作为饲料原料来开发利用。

Analysis on the Nutritional Composition of Male Flowers of Jizhaomian Walnut in Different Growth Stages

Taking the male flowers of Jizhaomian Walnut as research objects,multiple physical and chemical indicators were selected to compare the nutritional components at different growth stages. The results showed that the water content of the younger walnut male flowers was about 85.23%,and the water content of naturally falling walnut male flowers was only 27.50%. With the decreasing of water content,the content of crude fat increased from 0.78% to 2.66% relatively. The total sugar content of the naturally falling walnut male flowers was about 9.52 g/100 g,which was 14.36 g/100 g measured by the young walnut male flowers. The crude protein content was relatively high at each growth stage and relatively stable between about 14% and 18%. With the decrease of water content,some soluble substances were lost,and the soluble sugar decreased from 3220.00 mg/100 g to 1326.67 mg/100 g. The mineral content of naturally falling walnut male flowers reached 13.33 mg/100 g,and the Zn element reached 6.55 mg/100 g. On the whole,the nutrient content of the walnut male flowers at the half-maturity stage and the mature stage was relatively close,but the gap with the naturally falling walnut male flowers was more significant. For better taste and nutrition,It is recommended that the mature male walnut flower be used as food or for subsequent processing,the semi-mature walnut male flowers can be used to extract abundant flavonoids. The walnut male flowers at the drop stage also have rich protein,which can be used as feed ingredients for development and utilization.