逻辑的世界与世界的逻辑———《逻辑哲学论》中的世界建构

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》为我们建构了一个世界。这个世界是逻辑的世界，是可能的世界，它由事实构成，而不是由事物构成。因此，这个逻辑世界是有结构的，是可分的，它和语言相对应，具有同构性。世界是逻辑的，逻辑也是世界的。在这里，逻辑是用来表达世界的，如果没有世界的存在，逻辑就成为了多余的东西；同时，逻辑是世界的载体，如果没有逻辑，世界也无法存在，因为它将无所依赖。逻辑世界的构建是为了划界，划出逻辑的世界，也即科学的世界，这个世界的东西是可说的，划定了可说的范围，也就划定了不可说的范围。不可说的范围才是维特根斯坦最根本关注的对象。保留不可说世界的“地盘”，也就为伦理和宗教保留了“领地”。不可言说的世界是神秘的世界，信仰的世界，不同于逻辑的世界，我们需要对它保持沉默。

Logical World and World Logic

Wittgenstein＇ s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus constructs a world for us. It is logic and possibility. The world consists of the facts, rather than the things. Therefore, world has its own structure which is separable, relative to language, and the same as a world of the logical language. Logic is used to express the world. If the world does not exist, the logic will become superfluous. Besides the logic is the carrier of the world. Supposing that there is no logic, the world cannot exist, because it depends on the logic. The construction of the world of logic aims to draw the boundaries of science. If the scope of the world that can be said is clear, the scope of the world that cannot be said is clear too. And the latter is the most important for Wittgenstein. The ＂territory＂ of the world that cannot be said is the ＂manor＂ of ethics and religion, which is a mysterious world, a religious world, and different from the logical world. It cannot be said, therefore what we need to do is to keep silent.