空基反助推段导弹制导技术综述

为研究空基反助推段导弹的发展现状和拦截制导面临的关键技术与挑战,对空基反助推段导弹相关的文献进行了分析与总结.空基反助推段导弹由载机发射,对处于助推段飞行的导弹实施拦截,是导弹防御体系的重要组成部分.首先概述空基反助推段系统、导弹和制导技术的发展现状,介绍了典型系统方案的作战流程、拦截弹的结构与性能以及国内外助推段拦截制导技术的研究进展.其次分析了空基助推段拦截制导面临的诸多挑战,体现在拦截弹能力有限、可用时间短、目标机动性强、拦截条件复杂和不确定性强等方面.然后提出了空基助推段拦截制导需要解决的关键技术,包括动力系统配置、发射诸元快速解算、制导指令在线修正、中末制导交班方案和拦截机动目标的高精度制导律等技术.最后总结未来空基助推段拦截制导技术的发展方向为:在线制导、高精度多模复合制导、智能化和协同制导.研究表明:空基反助推段导弹制导技术尚在发展阶段,还存在一些关键问题亟需研究解决,同时,自主规划、人工智能等理论可为关键技术的突破提供参考.

Review on guidance technology of air-based missiles for boost phase interception

To study the development status of air-based boost phase interception and the key challenges faced by interception and guidance, the guidance technology of air-based anti-boost phase missiles was analyzed and summarized. Air-based anti-boost phase missiles are launched by carrier aircrafts and intercept missiles in boost phase, which is an important part of the ballistic missile defense system. First, the development status of air-based missile system and guidance methods for boost phase interception was reviewed. The combat process of typical schemes, the structure and performance of typical missiles were introduced, and the research progress of guidance technology at home and abroad was summarized. Next, the challenges faced by the boost phase interception guidance of air-based missiles were analyzed, which are reflected in the limited interceptor capability, short available time, strong target maneuverability, complex interception conditions, and high uncertainty. Then, the key technologies that need to be solved for the air-based interception guidance in boost phase were put forward, including power system configuration, rapid calculation of firing data, online correction of guidance commands, hangover plan between midcourse guidance and terminal guidance, and high-precision guidance law for intercepting maneuvering targets. Finally, the development direction of guidance technology was summarized as online guidance, high-precision multi-mode compound guidance, and intelligent and coordinated guidance. Existing research results show that the boost phase interception guidance technology of air-based missiles is not yet mature. There are still some key technical issues that need to be studied and resolved. Theories such as autonomous planning and artificial intelligence can provide references for breakthroughs in key technologies.