松华坝水源区不同LUCC情境下地表径流深变化初步研究

通过解译昆明市松华坝水源区两期Landsat TM（1992年、2001年）影像获得该区土地利用土地覆被变化（LUCC）数据,结合流域DEM、水文、气象、土壤等数据运行SWAT水文模型,模拟了松华坝水源区1992年~2001年期间逐年、逐月的地表径流。并用实测值对该模型进行参数率定。基于率定好的模型,预测了在假定的4种LUCC情境下地表径流的变化情况,其结论如下:① 水源区内无植被,径流深增加了53.87 mm ；② 水源区内耕地和园地全部转变为林地,径流深增加了3.62 mm ；③ 水源区内居民点及工矿用地、耕地和园地全部转换为林地,径流深增加了13.73 mm ；④ 水源区内全部为林地,径流深增加了6.99 mm。其中,情境①伴随严重水土流失。在不同程度封山育林情境中,情境③更能增大地表径流深。

The Surface Runoff Depth Change Research under Different Situation of Land Use/Land Cover in Songhuaba Water Source Region

The two maps of LUCC of Songhuaba water source region in Kunming city was obtained through the interpretation of two Landsat TM Images acquired in 1992 and 2001 respectively. SWAT hydrological model was operated to simulate the yearly and monthly surface runoff during 1992 to 2001 in this area combined with the analysis of the LUCC, DEM, hydrological data, meteorological data, soil data and so on. According to model calibration, 4 kinds of LUCC cases are set to predict the Changes of runoff. The conclusions are as follows, case one: if it is a non-vegetation area, the runoff depth will increase 53. 87 mm; case two: if farmlands and garden plots become woodlands, the runoff depth increase 3. 62 mm; case three: if habitations, industrial and mining areas, farmlands and garden plots turn into woodlands, the runoff depth increase 13. 73 mm; case four: if there are only woodlands, the runoff depth increase 6. 99 mm. The case one might associate with heavy soil erosion. In the case there, runoff depth can be increased more than that in other different afforestation situations.