洞庭湖湖区最低生态水位的确定

为确定洞庭湖湖区最低生态水位,针对洞庭湖湖区复杂、不同湖区差异较大的问题,基于城陵矶、鹿角、南嘴、小河嘴和杨柳潭5个水文站1953—2013年的水文资料,采用天然水位资料法、年保证率法、最低年平均水位法、生态水位法、湖泊形态分析法及最小空间需求法,分别对东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖的最低生态水位进行了计算,并与前人关于洞庭湖生态水位的研究成果进行了对比分析。结果表明:东洞庭湖、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖的最低生态水位分别为22.62 m、27.19 m和28.11 m,相应的湖面面积分别为373.85 km~2、406.88 km~2和142.19 km~2,从保护洞庭湖自然保护区的角度看,确定的最低水位是合理的。

Determination of lowest ecological water level in Dongting Lake area

In order to determine the lowest ecological water level in the Dongting Lake area, the complexity of the Dongting Lake area and the great differences between different lake areas were studied. Based on the hydrological data of five hydrological stations, Chenglingji, Lujiao, Nanzui, Xiaohezui and Yangliutan, from 1953 to 2013, the natural water level data method, annual guarantee rate method, minimum annual average water level method, ecological water level method, lake morphology analysis method and minimum spatial demand were adopted. The lowest ecological water levels of East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake were calculated, and compared with the previous research results on ecological water levels of Dongting Lake. The results show that the lowest ecological water levels of East Dongting Lake, South Dongting Lake and West Dongting Lake are 22.62m, 27.19m and 28.11m, respectively, and the corresponding lake surface areas are 373.85km², 406.88km² and 142.19km², respectively. From the point of view of protecting the Dongting Lake Nature Reserve, the lowest water level determined is reasonable.