化工企业救援事故统计及不安全动作原因探析

为有效预防化工企业救援事故，深入探究事故原因，针对27起化工企业救援事故进行分析，明确救援事故主要发生于受限空间内中毒窒息事故的救援作业过程中。依据事件发生的时间序列，运用24Model分析化工企业救援事故的不安全动作原因，管理层不安全动作出现频率高于直接操作者，其中管理层的高频不安全动作为未有效开展应急培训及错误安排人员，共出现频次为43次，占比31.16%。操作者的高频不安全动作为未采取有效的安全检测措施、未具备作业资格及未正确佩戴劳动防护用具。研究结果表明常态化安全培训教育及应急演练、特殊作业人员作业资格审查、危险作业过程安全要求及现场监管、劳动防护用品的科学配置及使用将有助于改善化工企业事故预防效果，有效避免化工企业救援事故发生。

Rescue Accidents Statistics and Unsafe Act Causes Analysis of Chemical Enterprises

In order to effectively prevent the rescue accidents of chemical enterprises and deeply explore the causes of the accidents, 27 rescue accidents of chemical enterprises are analyzed. It is clear that the rescue accidents mainly occurred in the rescue operation process of the confined space. According to the event time series, 24Model is used to analyze the rescue accident causes of chemical enterprises. The frequency of unsafe acts of the managers is higher than that of the direct operators. The high-frequency unsafe acts of the managers are failure to effectively carry out safety training, with a frequency of 43 times, accounting for 31.16%. The high-frequency unsafe acts of the operators include failure to take effective safety detection measures, failure to have operation qualification and failure to wear labor protection appliances. The research results show that measures such as normalized safety training and emergency drill, operation examination of special operators, operation safety requirements and on-site supervision of dangerous operation, scientific allocation and correct wearing of labor protection appliances can help to improve the accident prevention effect and effectively avoid the occurrence of rescue accidents in chemical enterprises.