降雨入渗对含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡性状影响的模型试验研究

为揭示降雨入渗对于含软弱夹层顺层边坡性状的影响，结合室内叠加喷洒降雨技术和光纤光栅监测技术，开展大型地质力学模型试验，分别针对不同岩层倾角、有无支护结构的顺层边坡，探讨降雨工况下坡体内部关键位置处的物理量发展模式和变化特征。结果表明，在相同降雨条件下，对于含软弱夹层的顺层边坡，无支护时的位移发展模式具有陡变性、牵引性的特点，而有支护时的位移发展模式具有渐进性、推动性的特点；降雨导致边坡层间错动的现象受岩层倾角影响较大，当倾角达到35°时层间错动将较为明显，应充分重视深部位移和含水率的监测。无支护顺层边坡的软弱夹层泥化贯通位置主要位于坡体前部，有支护顺层边坡的泥化位置则位于坡体后部，可据此确定不同形式边坡的重点监控位置。随降雨入渗时间的持续，支护结构对于坡体的抗滑力从由锚杆受剪提供转向由框架受压带动锚杆受拉提供。试验结果可为类似边坡工程的加固设计和防灾监控提供参考。

MODEL TESTS OF RAINFALL INFILTRATION EFFECT ON BEDDING ROCK SLOPE WITH WEAK INTERLAYER

In order to investigate the rainfall infiltration effects on working characteristics for the bedding rock slope with weak interlayer，model tests have been conducted combining superimposed spraying rainfall and fiber Bragg grating(FBG) monitoring technologies. Physical characteristics，including displacement and water content，have been studied aiming at bedding rock slope with different bedding angles and with and/or without supporting. The results show that，displacement of bedding rock slope with weak interlayer shows steep-variant and pull-type without supporting；while with supporting it shows slow-variant and push-type. At the same time，due to the interlayer dislocation phenomenon with the increasing of bedding angle， displacement monitoring in depth should be considered especially with the bedding angle larger than 35°. The weak interlayer mudding phenomenon is also observed in test and the location lay in the front of the without supporting bedding slope while it lies on the back of the supported bedding slope. With the continuing rainfall infiltration，the anti-slide force is changed from providing shear resistance of bolt to providing pull resistance of bolt. The test results can provide some advices to design and monitoring of similar slopes.