背负式静电喷雾器设计与试验

为改善传统背负式施药器械的喷雾效果,运用高压静电喷雾技术,设计了背负式静电喷雾器。该喷雾器由蓄电池、隔膜泵、高压静电发生器、喷枪、直射喷头和药箱组成,采用直接充电的方式对雾滴进行充电。为考察该喷雾器的性能,用网状目标法对荷质比进行了测量,用Oxford激光粒子图像分析测试系统测试了雾滴粒径及速度,最后用纸卡法测试了雾滴覆盖度。测试结果表明：荷质比随喷嘴压力的加大基本呈线性增长,因而在保证零部件及系统可靠的前提下,设计静电喷雾器时可适当增加喷嘴压力;静电促进雾滴吸附于作物表面、使雾滴粒径细小且分布均匀、改善了雾滴的速度分布均匀性,从而使雾滴能够均匀吸附于作物表面各部位,并显著提高了雾滴的覆盖度。

Design and Experiment of Knapsack Electrostatic Sprayer

In order to improve the effect of traditional knapsack spraying equipment,a knapsack electrostatic sprayer was designed by the high-voltage electrostatic spray technology.The sprayer was made up of storage battery,diaphragm pump,high-voltage electrostatic generator,spray gun,direct jet nozzle,and pesticide tank.The sprayer charged the solution droplets by the direct charging method.To investigate the performance of this sprayer,the ratio of charge-to-mass was measured by net target method,the diameter and the velocity of droplets were measured by using Oxford particle/droplet image analysis test system,and the droplet coverage density was measured by paper card sampling method.The research results show that the ratio of charge-to-mass linearly increases with the increase of nozzle pressure.Therefore,if the components and systems of knapsack electrostatic sprayer were stable and reliable,it is feasible to set a higher value for the nozzle pressure in the process of design.High voltage electrostatic can promote the droplets to be adsorbed on the surfaces of the crop,reduce the droplet size,and make the distribution of droplet diameter and velocity better.Therefore,those droplets can be evenly adsorbed on the various surfaces of crop,and droplet coverage density can be signally increased.