A Low Power, Scalable, DAC Architecture for Liquid Crystal Display Drivers

The proliferation of portable electronic products such as cellular telephones and personal digital assistants has created a high demand for small format liquid crystal displays (LCD) with increasing bit resolution. The electronic drivers for these display applications must adhere to stringent power and area budgets. This paper describes a low-power, area efficient, scalable, digital-analog conversion (DAC) integrated circuit architecture optimized for driving small format LCDs. A 12 channel, 9-bit DAC driver based on this architecture, implemented in 0.5 $mu$ m CMOS technology and suitable for 1/4 VGA resolution displays, exhibited a 2 MSPS conversion rate, 252 $muhbox{W}$ power dissipation per channel using a 5 V supply, and a per DAC die area of 0.042 $hbox{mm}^{2}$. This performance sets a new standard for DAC display drivers in joules per bit areal density at less than 0.58 pJ per bit per $hbox{mm}^{2}$ .