| Abstract: | In three experiments we established that goldfish make observing responses. In Experiment 1 fish were rewarded according to a mixed schedule of reinforcement with variable-interval (VI) and extinction (EXT) segments alternating randomly, each in the presence of the same exteroceptive stimulus. By striking a second target the fish in one group could produce a stimulus associated with food (S+). Fish in a second group could produce a stimulus associated with extinction (S–). Although few observing responses were made, fish apparently found aversive the S–. In Experiment 2 fish could respond on a multiple schedule of reinforcement with VI and EXT segments alternating randomly, each in the presence of a different exteroceptive stimulus or on a mixed schedule. Fish preferred the multiple side during VI segments but not during EXT segments until the predictive value of S+ and S– was reduced. In Experiment 3 fish were required to respond to produce S+ and S–. Again, fish preferred the multiple side during VI segments only. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
