新型氦气体轴承透平膨胀机的研制

着重介绍所开发的新型氦气体轴承透平膨胀机的主要设计参数及关键部件的结构，该氦气体轴承透平膨胀机用于空间环境模拟的氦制冷系统，在设计中，利用多目标优化程序获得了较好的热力性能及较高的失稳转速，同时还开展了不同工质的相似模化研究，以便更好地预测氦透平膨胀机的热力性能，为了测试透平膨胀机的热力性能及机械性能，进行了多次的常温空气试车及液氮级温度低温试车，试验结果及现场实际车结果表明氦气体轴承透平膨胀机具有优异的热力性能及机械性能，满足了神舟号飞船发射前的热真空试验要求。

Development of New Helium Gas Bearing Turboexpander

A new helium gas bearing turboexpander of helium refrigeration system used for space environment simulating experiment is described in this paper. The main design parameters and construction type of some key parts are presented. The better calculated-thermodynamic efficiency and instability speed of this turboexpander have been obtained by multiple objects optimization program. The experiments of examining mechanical and thermodynamic performance have been repeatedly conducted in laboratory by using air at ambient and liquid nitrogen temperature respectively. In order to predict the helium turboexpander performances, the similarity principles study has been developed. According to the laboratory and on the spot experiments, the mechanical and thermodynamic performances of this helium turboexpander are excellent.