基于视觉关注度与审美偏好的城市景观 元素感知特征研究

视觉关注度与审美偏好是衡量城市景观元素感知属 性的2个独立变量。这2个概念往往易被混淆，且鲜有研究探 究两者之间的关系，并甄选出既受人关注又受人喜爱的景观元 素。通过将城市景观照片作为测试媒介，结合眼动分析法与审 美偏好测试，量化分析了城市景观元素的视觉关注度与审美 偏好。结果显示：1)相比自然景观元素(山体、树林、水体、 草地)，人工景观元素(现代建筑、传统建筑、桥梁、道路)更 易受到关注；2)不同自然景观元素对审美偏好的贡献差异显 著，水体审美偏好显著，而山体偏好表现负向；3)在易受到 关注的各类景观元素中，传统建筑、桥梁等偏好显著，现代建 筑偏好表现负向。该研究结果可为城市景观规划设计实践提供 理论参考。

Study on the Perceptual Features of Urban Landscape Elements Based on Visual Attention and Aesthetic Preference

Visual attention and aesthetic preference are two independent attributes to measure urban landscape elements, and the two concepts are often confused. There are few studies to explore the relationship between them, with the aim of selecting landscape elements that are both concerned and preferred by people. By using urban landscape photos as the test medium, and combining eye movement analysis with aesthetic preference testing, this study focused on how to quantitatively reveal the characteristics of visual attention on and aesthetic preferences for urban landscape elements. On urban scale, the results showed that: 1) compared with natural landscape elements (mountains, forests, water and grasslands), artificial landscape elements (modern buildings, traditional buildings, bridges, road) are more likely to receive attention. 2) The contribution of different natural landscape elements to aesthetic preferences varies significantly. The preference for water landscape is significant, while mountains are significantly not liked. 3) Among all kinds of landscape elements that are easy to attract attention, historical buildings and bridges are significantly preferred, while modern buildings are significantly not liked. The research results can provide theoretical references for urban landscape planning and design practice.