通天河及江源区草畜平衡初步分析

通天河及江源区生态环境敏感脆弱,绝大部分地区只适宜生长牧草,农业以放牧为主,传统的放牧方式靠天养畜,单位面积草场产草量低,超载过牧是导致天然草场生态破坏的重要原因之一。分析了通天河及江源区草畜平衡问题,同时指出,通过对中重度退化草场全面实施禁牧,充分发挥大自然的自我修复能力,并在适宜地区适度发展人工灌溉草场,改变传统的天然放牧方式,可提高草场质量和载畜能力,逐步缓解局部牲畜超载情况,保持草畜平衡,维护草原和江源区生态安全。

Preliminary analysis of pasture-livestock balance in Tongtian River basin and Yangtze River source area

Ecological environment in the Tongtian River basin and the Yangtze River source area is vulnerable and fragile, and most of the area is only suitable for growing pasture. Grazing is the major agricultural form, however the traditional grazing depends largely on weather conditions. The amount of grass yield per unit grassland is quite low, and overgrazing is one of the major causes for ecological damage to the natural grassland. Pasture-livestock balance issue in the Tongtian River basin and the Yangtze River source area is analyzed. It also points out that grassland quality and grass bearing capacity can be improved, overgrazing issue can be addressed, balance between feed and animal can be achieved and the ecological security of grassland can be maintained by a series of methods, including a overall banning on grazing on moderate-severe degraded grassland, letting the nature exerts its own restoration ability, developing artificial irrigation grassland at some appropriate areas and alternating traditional grazing way.