Positive and negative faking on a forced-choice authoritarian scale.

"The effects of faking both favorably and unfavorably upon a forced-choice scale of authoritarianism… were studied… . There were large distribution changes resulting from a set to 'look bad' compared to the conventional set, but only small changes emerged from faking favorably. Furthermore, the scores obtained by the subjects under the faking conditions, especially with the negative set, were opposite in direction from the intentions of the testees and the expectations of the experimeters… . The utility of this nonpolitical derivative of the California F Scale was recommended for leadership research in industrial, as well as military, settings." 19 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)