能力验证提升实验室检测水平的实证研究

为分析能力验证对实验室检测能力提升的促进方式,定量能力验证对实验室检测能力的提升效能,分析了305家实验室2010-2015年间参加柴油检测能力验证的3 133个评价结果和能力评价统计量|Z|值的变动趋势。研究表明,随参加能力验证次数增加,实验室检测能力显著提高,但单次能力验证不能有效保证持续检测能力。通过3轮能力验证,实验室能够基本消除检测过程中的关键错误。对于不同检测项目间能力验证的相互作用研究表明,通过参加某一项目的能力验证,实验室提高了其他项目的技术水平,表明能力验证能够促进实验室整体能力提升,而非局限于单一的检测项目。能力验证对实验室检测能力的作用方式可分为2种,一种通过消除检测技术的关键错误,直接提升能力验证参加项目的技术水平;另一种通过提升实验室整体管理能力,间接提升其他检测项目的技术水平。

Empirical study on improvement of laboratory detection level by proficiency test

In order to analyze the improvement way of laboratory detectability by proficiency test and quantify the improvement performance, the changing trend of 3 133 evaluation results and proficiency evaluation statistic (|Z|) in proficiency test of diesel inspection in 305 laboratories between 2010 and 2015 were analyzed. The results showed that the detection detectability of laboratory was improved significantly when the number of proficiency test increased. However, the single proficiency test could not effectively maintain the detection detectability. The critical errors in detection process could be basically eliminated in laboratory after three runs of proficiency test. The researches on interaction of proficiency test among different detection items suggested that the detection level of laboratory in other items could be also improved by participating one item in the proficiency test. It indicated that the proficiency testing could promote the overall ability of laboratory but not limited in a single detection item. The improvement way of laboratory detection level by proficiency test could be classified into two types: (1) the technical level of the participated item in the proficiency test could be improved directly by eliminating the critical errors of detection techniques; (2) the technical level of other detection items could be indirectly improved by enhancing the overall management capability of laboratory.