群智设计发展趋势及分析

目的 通过文献计量分析方法，研究当前众包模式下，以群体智慧协同为主要设计方式的产品设计新范式。方法 以群智设计的概念为基础，采集2000年以来国内外知名的数据库相关研究文献进行统计分析，梳理群智设计的关键要素及典型特征，探讨其与其他产品设计理论与方法之间的异同，总结群智设计的发展趋势，概述群智设计研究存在的挑战。结果 众包模式下的群智设计执行机制灵活、设计创新高效、知识技能广泛，能够应对海量个性化用户需求的挑战，适应现代产品的发展要求。结论 群智设计的关键要素和典型特征区别于现有的典型产品设计方法，阐明了群智设计的本质；群智设计的3个类型和层次模型，概括了群智设计的发展要求；随着众包模式的不断应用，开放平台、用户需求、设计群体三元融合发展，群智设计的研究更加广泛、健全，逐渐从需求、平台和群体等方面向任务分解、群体组织、过程管控等方向发展。

Development Trend and Analysis of Collective Intelligence Design

The work aims to study the new product design paradigm through bibliometrics analysis method with collective intelligence collaboration as the main design mode under the current crowdsourcing mode environment. Based on the concept of collective intelligence design, the relevant literature from 2000 was collected from well-known databases in China and abroad for statistical analysis, the key elements and typical characteristics of collective intelligence design were combed, the similarities and differences between collective intelligence design and other product design theories and methods were summarized, the development trend of collective intelligence design was concluded, and the challenges existing in collective intelligence design research were reviewed. Collective intelligence design in crowdsourcing mode environment had flexible implementation mechanism, innovative and efficient design and extensive knowledge and skills, and could meet the challenges of massive personalized users'' needs and satisfy the requirements of modern product development. The key elements and typical characteristics of collective intelligence design are different from those of the existing typical product design methods, and the essence of collective intelligence design is clarified. Three types and hierarchical models of collective intelligence design summarize the development requirements of collective intelligence design. With the continuous application of crowdsourcing mode, the ternary integration of open platform, user demand and design group has developed, and the research on collective intelligence design has become more extensive and sound, gradually developing from demand, platform and group to task decomposition, group organization and process management and control.