硅单光子探测器研制及其在高精度星地时间比对中应用（特邀）

高精密时频比对是实现全社会信息化系统高精度的时空一致性和时频稳定性的关键技术，为国民经济发展的关键领域提供统一的时间保障。硅单光子探测器凭借其高探测效率、低噪声、低时间抖动、易于集成等优势，成为高精度星地时间比对系统中的关键核心芯片。文中分析了硅单光子探测器探测效率、暗计数和时间抖动之间的相互制约关系，在深入分析硅单光子探测器的最新研究进展的基础上，有效地攻克了探测效率和时间抖动之间的相互制约矛盾，研制出光敏面直径为200 μm、室温下探测效率达50%、时间抖动仅为46 ps的硅单光子探测器芯片，最后简单介绍了该芯片在星地时间比对中的应用效果。

Development of silicon single photon detector and its application in high-precision satellite-to-ground time comparison (Invited)

High-precision comparison of time-frequency is an important technology to achieve high-precision time-space consistency and time-frequency stability of the whole society information system, and provides a unified time guarantee for key areas of national economic development. Owing to its high detection efficiency, low noise, low timing jitter, and easy integration, silicon single photon detector is the key core chip in the high-precision satellite-to-ground time comparison system. The interrelationship between photon detection efficiency, dark count rate and timing jitter of the silicon single photon detector was analyzed in this paper. Based on the in-depth review of the research of the silicon single photon detector, the relationship between photon detection efficiency and timing jitter was effectively overcome. A silicon single photon detector with a photosensitive diameter of 200 μm, photon detection efficiency of 50% at room temperature, and the timing jitter of 46 ps was developed. Its application in the satellite-to-ground time comparison was briefly introduced finally.