四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组烃源岩分子地球化学特征

上三叠统须家河组是川西坳陷最重要的陆相烃源层系，目前对其烃源岩分子地球化学特征的研究和认识较为薄弱。通过对川西坳陷须家河组不同层段烃源岩饱和烃和芳烃化合物组成的分析，揭示了分子地球化学特征对烃源岩沉积环境和热演化特征的指示意义。须家河组二段至四段泥质烃源岩三环萜烷分布和二苯并噻吩/菲比值主体表现出湖相烃源岩的特征，相对较高的伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷比值(0.16~0.23)和9-/1-甲基菲比值(1.16~1.41)表明水体盐度相对较高。甲基菲指数(MPI₁)、甲基菲分布分数(F₁)、甲基二苯并噻吩分布指数(MDBI)等参数是有效的成熟度标尺，其在R_o=1.35%前后分别与成熟度表现出线性正相关和负相关。高—过成熟阶段须家河组烃源岩的C₂₇—C₂₉规则甾烷分布模式、“三芴”系列相对组成和甲基二苯并噻吩/甲基二苯并呋喃比值受成熟度影响较大而失真。

Molecular characteristics of source rocks in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation,Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T₃x) is the most important terrigenous stratum in the Western Sichuan Depression; however, it is still insufficient for the understanding of molecular compositional characteristics of its source rocks. Based on the analysis of both saturated and aromatic fractions of extracts of source rocks from different members of the Xujiahe Formation, the indication is then discussed for sedimentary environment and thermal evolution of source rocks. The distribution of tricyclic terpanes (TTs) and dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene (DBT/P) ratio of the argillaceous source rocks in 2nd to 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation mainly display the signatures of typical lacustrine source rocks, and the relatively high gammacerane/C₃₀ hopane (0.16-0.23), as well as 9-/1-methylphenanthrene (1.16-1.41) ratios suggest relatively high salinity of water body. The parameters such as methylphenanthrene index (MPI₁), methylphenanthrene distribution fraction (F₁), and methyldibenzothiophene distribution index (MDBI) are effective for the evaluation of thermal maturity, and they show positively and negatively linear correlation with maturity degree before and after R_o=1.35%. The distribution pattern of C₂₇-C₂₉ regular steranes, relative composition of three fluorine series, and methyldibenzothiophene/methyldibenzofuran ratios for high to over-maturity T₃x source rocks are distorted due to the effect of thermal maturation.