氨解改性大豆卵磷脂钻井液润滑剂

大豆卵磷脂为双脂肪酸甘油磷脂衍生物，结构中富含磷酸酯基、羟基、氨基等润滑吸附基团，但是其结构中双脂肪酸甘油酯疏水性过强、分散性过低，无法直接作为钻井液润滑剂。将大豆卵磷脂、醇胺、催化剂、矿物油分散剂混合加热反应获得改性磷脂润滑剂，采用红外光谱与核磁共振磷谱分析了醇胺氨解大豆卵磷脂的机理。通过摩擦磨损实验确定了改性磷脂润滑剂的抗磨耐磨能力。对比其他市售润滑剂，分别测试了改性磷脂润滑剂的润滑性能、高温稳定性能、抗盐抗钙性能，最终测试了改性磷脂润滑剂对聚磺钻井液的配伍性能以及润滑提升能力。氨解改性工艺中醇胺的最佳加量为10%～25%，醇胺能够氨解大豆卵磷脂中脂肪酸酯形成脂肪酰胺，从而降低其结构中疏水脂肪链成分，提升其水分散性。氨解所形成的羟基进一步与磷酸酯阴离子发生分子内酯化反应形成五元环状磷酸酯，掩蔽磷酸酯阴离子。所形成的改性磷脂润滑剂具有优异的润滑性能、高温稳定性能、抗盐抗钙性能以及钻井液配伍性能，具有潜在钻井液润滑应用前景。 

Ammonolysis Modified Soybean Lecithin as a Drilling Fluid Lubricant

Soybean lecithin is a derivative of difatty acid glycerophospholipid, whose molecular structure is rich in lubricant adsorption groups, such as phosphate group, hydroxyl and amino group. The difatty acid glyceride in the molecule of the difatty acid glycerophospholipid has very strong hydrophobicity and very low dispersity, makes it difficult to act as a drilling fluid lubricant. By heating the mixture of soybean lecithin, alcohol amine, catalyst and mineral oil dispersant, these chemicals react to produce a modified phospholipid lubricant. The working mechanisms of the ammonolysis (by alcohol amine) modified soybean lecithin was studied with IR and PNMR. The ammonolysis modified soybean lecithin lubricant was tested to determine their performance as a drilling fluid. In the test, the lubricity, high temperature stability, salt and calcium resistance of the new lubricant were compared with those of the other commercially available lubricants. The new lubricant was also tested for its compatibility with the polymer sulfonate drilling fluid and its ability to improve the lubricity of the drilling fluid. The optimum amount of alcohol amine used in the ammonolysis process was determined to be 10%-25%. The alcohol amine can be used to ammonolyze the fatty acid ester in the soybean lecithin to form fatty amide, thereby reducing the content of hydrophobic fatty chain in the soybean lecithin and enhancing its water dispersity. The hydroxyl formed during the ammonolysis can react with the ionic phosphate to form pentacyclic phosphate through lactonization reaction, and the ionic phosphate is thus masked. The modified soybean lecithin lubricant developed has excellent lubricating capacity, good high-temperature resistance, good salt- and calcium-resistance, as well as good compatibility with many water based drilling fluids, making it a potential high performance drilling fluid lubricant.