高分辨率卫星海洋背景成像仿真方法

海洋背景的仿真是海面目标场景仿真的关键环节，是海洋目标-背景耦合作用模拟的重要基础，决定了仿真图像中目标与背景差异特征的正确性和真实性。高分辨率遥感成像下，海面细节特征突显，以往视海表为均匀辐射面的处理方法给高分辨率海洋场景仿真造成较大误差。重点研究了海面三维形态、多组分分布与海水方向反射特性的耦合作用和辐射模型，提出了海面高分辨率遥感成像仿真方法。通过频谱分析的方法构建海面三维模型，根据海面组分分布的不同及不同位置海面法向的不同，修正了低分辨率下的海洋BRDF模型，使其满足高分辨率卫星图像的仿真应用，计算出不同组分的海面的方向反射数据，并将其与海面三维模型关联，构建了亚米级海面三维辐射模型，通过光线追踪方法建立海面零视距辐射场，并经过大气影响和传感器效应，模拟不同海况条件下卫星遥感图像。结果表明:将ZY3-02卫星实测海面图像与相同成像条件下的仿真图像对比，图像均值的误差为3.7%，标准差误差为9.9%，可以较真实地模拟高分辨率卫星成像下的海洋背景。

High-resolution satellite ocean background imaging simulation method

The simulation of ocean background is the key link of sea surface target scene simulation and the important basis of ocean target background coupling simulation, which determines the correctness and authenticity of the difference characteristics between target and background in the simulation image. In the high-resolution satellite image, the ocean background features were highlighted. The previous processing methods that regard the ocean background as a uniform radiation surface cause large errors in high-resolution ocean scene simulation. The coupling effect and radiation model of three-dimensional shape, multi-component distribution and directional reflection characteristics of ocean background were studied, and the simulation method of high-resolution satellite image of ocean background was proposed. A three-dimensional ocean background model was constructed by spectrum analysis. According to the different distribution of sea components and the different normal directions of ocean background at different positions, the low-resolution ocean BRDF model was modified to meet the simulation application of high-resolution satellite images. The directional reflection data of different components were calculated and associated with the three-dimensional ocean background model to construct the sub meter ocean background three-dimensional model. Based on the radiation model, the zero line of sight radiation field was established by ray tracing method, and the satellite remote sensing images under different sea conditions were simulated by atmospheric influence and sensor effect. The results show that the average error of the image is 3.7% and the standard deviation error is 9.9% when comparing the sea surface image measured by ZY3-02 satellite with the simulation image under the same imaging conditions, which can simulate the marine background under high-resolution satellite imaging more truly.