小型高分辨率空间相机光学系统低误差敏感度设计

系统性地采取严格控制光学元件加工装配精度、采用大质量高稳定性光机结构、运用精密热控等方法，是以往保证空间相机光学系统高性能成像质量的常规方法，但同时该策略的实施也给相机研制带来了较高的经济与资源代价。面对高性能空间光学相机低成本化的发展趋势，降低光学系统误差敏感度，在保证成像性能的同时降低实现成本，是需要面对与解决的课题。以某小型空间相机研制为背景，应用光学系统低误差敏感度设计方法（降敏设计方法），对相机焦距500 mm、相对孔径1∶5、视场角2ω=4°的同轴两镜折反射式光学系统进行了降敏设计。结果表明，基于降敏设计方法获得的光学系统不仅像差校正理论结果表现优异，调制传递函数接近衍射极限，同时，仿真显示其在误差干扰下光学系统鲁棒性好，为相机的快速低成本制造提供了保证。光学系统降敏设计方法对高性能小型空间载荷的设计与低成本快速研制具有重要的应用价值。

Low error-sensitive design of small-sized high-resolution space camera optical system

Systematically adopting strict control over the processing and assembly accuracy of optical elements, adopting high-quality and stable opto mechanical structure, and using precision thermal control are the conventional methods to ensure the high performance imaging quality of the optical system of space cameras in the past, but at the same time, the implementation of this strategy also brings high economic and resource costs to camera development. In the face of the development trend of low-cost high-performance space optical cameras, reducing the error sensitivity of the optical system and lowering the implementation cost while ensuring the imaging performance are the issues that need to be faced and solved. In this paper, a compact space camera as a background, and the low error-sensitivity design method (desensitization design method) is applied to a coaxial two-mirror catadioptric optical system with a focal length of 500 mm, a relative aperture of 1 : 5, and a field of view of 2.75°×2.75°. The results show that the optical system, based on the desensitized design method, not only gets excellent aberration correction theoretical results and modulation transfer function which is close to the diffraction limit, but also shows that the optical system is robust under the error interference in the simulation, which provides a guarantee for the rapid and low-cost manufacturing of the camera. The optical system desensitization design method has an important application value for the design and rapid development of high-performance small space loads at low cost.