强散射背景下的图像感知、融合与可视化技术

视觉信息是人类对周边环境进行感知的重要手段，光学成像和图像处理技术能大大扩展人类“视域”，使得人们获取图像的方式不局限于眼睛能见范围。散射效应导致光学成像装置的作用距离大幅下降，难以对远距离目标进行有效观测。人类对图像信息的感知，通常由对焦、校正和立体视觉形成，三个步骤互相耦合完成。其中，对焦和双目图像信息校正过程可以通过光学系统和数字图像处理的方法进行优化，提高强散射背景下的图像对比度，进而使得散射条件下的图像信息得以被感知和分析。然而，在目前技术条件下，机器立体视觉仍难以达到人类视觉水平，而人类视觉系统仍然是图像感知和分析的重要终端。可以预见，在低能见度条件下实现光学图像信息的精确获取与分析，仍需要实现人类视觉系统和机器的双重结合，发展包含人类视觉在内的立体视觉全局优化技术。主要介绍了在大气和水下浑浊条件下实现光学成像和实现图像融合的物理极限和关键影响因素，并展望人类的立体视觉在提高光学成像能力方面的作用。

Image perception,fusion and visualization technology in strong scattering condition

Visual information is an important means for human beings to perceive the surrounding environment. With the great expansion of human “field of view” by optical imaging and image processing technology, the way people acquire images has broken through the limitations of the naked eye. The scattering effect leads to a significant decrease in the working distance of the optical imaging system, making it difficult to effectively observe long-range targets. Human perception of image information is usually completed by focusing, correction and stereoscopic view synthesis, which are coupled with each other. Among them, the processes of focusing and binocular image information correction can be optimized by means of optical systems and digital image processing. With the improvement of contrast under strong scattering background, the image information under scattering conditions can be perceived and analyzed. However, limited by current technology, the ability of machine stereoscopic vision is difficult to reach human level, resulting in the human visual system still being an important terminal for image perception and analysis. It is foreseeable that in order to achieve accurate acquisition and analysis of optical image information under low visibility conditions, it is still necessary to develop a global optimization technology for stereoscopic vision through the combination of human vision and machine. This study mainly introduces the physical limitations and key factors influencing the optical imaging and image fusion under turbid atmosphere or water, and presents an outlook on the role of human stereopsis in improving optical imaging capabilities.