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Transport and retention of a bacteriophage and microspheres in saturated, angular porous media: effects of ionic strength and grain size
Authors:Knappett Peter S K  Emelko Monica B  Zhuang Jie  McKay Larry D
Affiliation:a Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, United States
b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
c Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, United States
Abstract:
Eight saturated column experiments were conducted to examine the effects of solution chemistry and grain size on the transport of colloids through crushed silica sand. Two sizes of colloids, 0.025-μm bacteriophage (MS-2) and 1.5-μm carboxylated microspheres, were used as surrogates for the transport of pathogenic viruses and bacteria, respectively. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration from 1 to 4.8 mM (along with background monovalent ions) resulted in complete attenuation (>6-log decrease in C/C0) of MS-2, but caused only a 1-log reduction (C/C0 = 0.1) in the concentration of the microspheres. Decreasing grain size from medium sand (d50 = 0.70 mm) to fine sand (d50 = 0.34 mm) resulted in substantial decreases in effluent concentrations of both the MS-2 (5-log decrease) and microspheres (>2.5-log decrease). Comparison of observed colloid retention to that predicted by a recently published correlation equation for colloid filtration revealed that the model can considerably underpredict (by 4 orders of magnitude or more) colloid retention by angular sand over distances as short as 20 cm. This indicates that state-of-the-art colloid filtration models are still limited in applicability to natural systems.
Keywords:Virus   Bacteriophage   Colloid   Microsphere   Transport   Filtration
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