Analysis of nitrogen oxide emissions from modern vehicles using hydrogen or other natural and synthetic fuels in combustion chamber |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China;2. Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, 324000, China;1. College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, PR China;2. Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Advanced Technology & Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Energy & Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd. 76 South College Road, Beijing, 100081, PR China;3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China;1. Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, 963-0298, Japan;2. Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, 3-4-17, Etchujima, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8530, Japan;1. Electrochemical Systems Laboratory, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India;2. Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India |
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| Abstract: | The paper presents a calculated analysis of the equilibrium emission of nitrogen oxides on the exhaust of carburetor and diesel internal combustion engines. The temperature of fuel oxidation is assumed to be 1,400 °C while the pressure for carburetor and diesel engines is assumed to be 60 atm and 80 atm respectively. The studies have been carried out for natural and synthetic fuels such as hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, petroleum, diesel fuel and methane at the excess air coefficient corresponding to the fuel oxidation temperature of 1,400 °C. In the paper, the method for calculating the equilibrium composition based on the equilibrium constant and mass conservation equations has been applied. It is shown that with an increase in pressure from 1 atm to 60 atm for carburetor engines and up to 80 atm for diesel engines, the reaction of nitrogen dioxide formation may shift towards an increase in NO2. The formation of NO may be not affected by the increase in pressure by virtue of the fact that the reaction proceeds without changes in the amount. It has been determined that NO is the major atmospheric pollutant. However, it would be advisable to use more extensively the fuels characterized by the lowest output of nitrogen dioxide (methane and methanol), since nitrogen dioxide (NO2) related to the 2nd hazard class is appeared to be the most dangerous to humans. It has been revealed that the reduction in oxidation temperature using hydrogen as a fuel for electrochemical current generators may allow reducing nitrogen oxide emissions by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the best results for ICE. |
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| Keywords: | Nitrogen oxides Hydrogen Ethanol Methanol Petroleum Methane |
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