嫦娥四号着陆点原位高光谱的太空风化研究

月球表面没有大气层的保护，岩石矿物长期在太空风化的作用下，逐渐演化为月壤。太空风化过程是月壤产生、成熟的过程，由于物质形态结构的改变，导致月表光谱特征产生变化。因而，作为风化产物的月壤的光谱特性，包含了月表的太空风化信息。月壤成熟度，是描述太空风化程度的重要指标，利用高光谱遥感数据进行亚微观铁（SMFe）的反演进而获取月壤成熟度，是目前研究月表太空风化的主要手段。原位探测数据，由于没有受到其他因素的干扰，获得的反演结果相对更加准确、可靠。我国嫦娥四号(CE-4)玉兔二号巡视器搭载了能直接获取月表原位高光谱数据（450~2395 nm）的科学载荷红外成像光谱仪，为研究月表的太空风化提供了很好的机会。选取了CE-4卫星着陆器登陆点附近的两处光谱数据，采用Hapke模型和光谱角匹配法对CE-4卫星登陆点附近月壤的SMFe进行了反演。根据Morris模型和FeO含量进一步反演CE-4卫星登陆点附近月壤的成熟度。结果表明，该处月壤成熟度为11.5，较大概率为不成熟月壤。

Study on space weathering of Chang′e-4 landing site by in situ spectra

Without atmosphere, the lunar surface is gradually evolved into lunar soil by the space weathering. The space weathering generates lunar soil and matures it. This progress changes the morphological structure and the spectral characteristics. Thus the spectral characteristics of lunar soil contains information about the space weathering of the moon's surface. Lunar soil maturity is an important indicator to describe the degree of the space weathering. Using hyperspectral data to produce the submicroscopic metallic iron (SMFe) and to obtain lunar maturity is an important method for studying the space weathering. Since the in situ detection data is not disturbed, the results obtained are relatively more accurate and reliable. Therefore, the Chang'e-4 (CE-4) Yutu-2 rover was equipped with a detection instrument that directly obtained the in situ hyperspectral data (450-2395 nm) of the lunar surface, which provided a good opportunity for studying the lunar weathering. Two spectral data near the landing site of the CE-4 lander were selected, using the Hapke model and the spectral angle matching method, SMFe content was produced. The maturity of the lunar soil near the landing site of the CE-4 was further inferred based on the Morris model and FeO content. The results show that the lunar soil's maturity is 11.5, indicating that it may be immature lunar soil.