南极大型望远镜主镜运输的抗振缓冲系统

我国南极天文台规划有一台主镜口径2.5 m的光学红外望远镜。这台望远镜在国内制造,以大型装配体的形式运输到南极天文台，从南极边沿的中山站到南极内陆的昆仑站需要用雪橇车运输。雪橇车在一些路段振动剧烈。文中以这台望远镜主镜运输的抗振缓冲系统为研究目标，首先研究了隔振系统理论模型，用四端参数法分析了双层隔振系统的传输特性，然后研究了南极内陆科考队在雪橇运输中测得的振动数据，分析了考虑底支承力不均匀时主镜运输的许用动力学条件，提出了一种包含杠杆式缓冲结构和聚乙烯泡沫塑料结构的双层隔振系统，最后对这种隔振系统的性能进行了有限元分析与多体动力学研究。结果表明:所提出的抗振缓冲系统在南极实测得到的最极端冲击信号的作用下可以满足主镜模块最大加速度不大于5 g的要求，此时主镜模块的 Z 向运动范围约1.2 m，该缓冲系统具有实用价值，可以在南极2.5 m望远镜主镜的整体运输中使用。所提出的方法对其他脆弱结构的缓冲系统设计有参考价值。

Vibration isolation system for transportation of main mirror of a large Antarctic telescope

The Antarctic Observatory of China contains an optical/infrared telescope with a diameter of 2.5 m primary mirror. The telescope is made in China and needs to be transported to the Antarctic Observatory in the form of large assembly. From Zhongshan Station in the edge of the Antarctic continent to Kunlun Station in the interior of the continent, the telescope needs to be transported by sled, which vibrates violently in some regions. In this paper, the vibration isolation system of the telescope's 2.5 m primary mirror module for transportation was researched. Firstly, the theoretical model of vibration isolation system was established and the performance of two-stage vibration isolation system was analyzed by the four-terminal parametric method. Secondly, the historical data from the Antarctic inland expedition team in the sled transportation was studied and the allowable dynamic condition of the primary mirror module was calculated by finite element method(FEM) considering the non-uniformity of the bottom supporting force. Thirdly, a two-stage vibration isolation system consisting of a leverage buffer structure and a polyethylene foam structure was proposed. Finally, the performance of this vibration isolation system was researched with FEM simulation and multi-body system simulation. The results show that the vibration isolation system proposed in this paper can meet the requirement of the mirror's transportation. In the finite element model, when the most extreme impact signal is loaded which is acquired by the Antarctic inland expedition team form the sled transportation, the maximum acceleration of the primary mirror module is less than 5 times acceleration of gravity which is a security value coming from the dynamic analysis of primary mirror module, and the Z-direction moving range of the module is about 1.2 m. So the vibration isolation system has practical value. This system can be used in the transport of the primary mirror module of the 2.5 m telescope to the Antarctic inland. The vibration isolation system proposed in this paper is valuable for transportation of other fragile structures.