超疏水表面抑制结霜研究进展

超疏水表面以其超高的表观接触角和很小的滚动角在工业中获得广泛的应用。综述了近期国内外超疏水表面在抑霜方面的研究新进展,归纳了超疏水表面的冷凝、结冰和落霜过程的过程特点和疏水性对结霜过程的影响。超疏水表面能显著延迟冷凝发生和开始结霜的时间,降低霜层的厚度。与普通表面相比,超疏水表面的霜层结构更为蓬松脆弱,可在外力作用下轻松去除,表现出较好的抑霜性能。由于部分超疏水表面在冷凝阶段丧失疏水性从而丧失抑霜性能,大大地限制了超疏水表面在抑制结霜方面的潜力。纳米结构超疏水表面较好地解决了上述问题,一部分纳米表面由于冷凝液滴的弹跳现象而表现出极佳的抑霜性能。最后,对超疏水表面研究的发展进行了展望。

Research Progress in Anti-frosting Performance of Super-hydrophobic Surfaces

Super-hydrophobic surfaces are widely used in manufacturing, owning to its high apparent contact angle and low sliding angle. This article summarized the latest international and domestic research progresses in the anti-frosting performance of super-hydrophobic surfaces and introduced the process characteristics of condensation, icing and frost depositing processes as well as the influence of super-hydrophobicity on the frosting process. A large body of evidence indicated that the time needed for condensing and frosting was extended with thinner frost layer, fluffier and weaker structure, which could be easily removed by external force. However, some super-hydrophobic surfaces suffered from loss of super-hydrophobicity during condensing, which limited the potential of super-hydrophobic surfaces as anti-frosting materials. Super-hydrophobic surfaces with nano-structures solve the aforementioned weakness, some of them show excellent performances owning to jumping of condensate on those surfaces. Finally, the future development of super-hydrophobic surfaces was prospected.