全国输电线路覆冰情况调研及事故分析

通过对特高压输电线路的覆冰情况进行调研，收集相关气象资料以及对近年来全国输电线路发生的重大覆冰事故进行统计分析，发现覆冰多发生在华中和西南地区；主要集中在一月份；海拔高度、微地形、微气象对覆冰的影响较大。结合雨凇的分布区域对输电线路覆冰事故的特点及原因进行了总结，并对覆冰事故的类型进行了统计，结果表明：覆冰事故分布区域广、事故危害严重；输电线路覆冰事故大部分发生在雨凇气象条件下，且温度稍低于0℃；同一地区发生覆冰事故频繁；在各种覆冰事故类型中，绝缘子冰闪是发生最频繁的事故之一。最后提出了减少和防治线路覆冰事故的方法。

Investigation of Ice-Covered Transmission Lines and Analysis on Transmission Line Failures Caused by Ice-Coating in China

Through the investigation of UHV transmission lines and collection of related meteorological data as well as the statistics on nation-wide severe transmission line failures caused by ice-coating, it is discovered that the ice-coating phenomena mostly happen in Central China and Southwest China in January; the altitude, micrometeorology and micrometeorology greatly impact the ice-coating. Considering the distribution area of freezing rain, the feature and reason of transmission line failures caused by ice-coating are analyzed and summarized, and the statistics of the type of ice-coating caused failures is carried out. Statistical results show that the ice-coating caused failures distribute in wide areas and the failure harm is severe. Transmission line failures caused by ice-coating mainly occur under meteorological condition of freeze rain when the atmosphere temperature is a little lower than 0°C; ice-coating caused failures frequently happen in the same area; in various types of ice-coating caused failures, the flashover of ice-covered insulators is one of the most frequent failure. Finally, the approaches to reduce and prevent transmission line failures caused by ice-coating are put forward.